Lightly grease the ceramic insert of your 6-quart crockpot with butter, paying attention to the sides and corners.
Arrange diced potatoes evenly across the bottom in a single layer, they act as a thermal buffer and flavor base.
Position chicken breasts on top of potatoes in a single layer, leaving roughly ½-inch (1.3cm) between pieces. Avoid stacking.
In a small bowl, combine melted butter, minced garlic, Italian seasoning, garlic powder, salt, and pepper. Stir until garlic is evenly suspended (about 30 seconds).
Sprinkle ⅜ cup (28g) of Parmesan directly over the chicken and potatoes, distributing evenly.
Slowly pour the butter-garlic mixture over everything, ensuring it seeps between the pieces and coats the surfaces.
Scatter the remaining ⅜ cup (28g) of Parmesan over the surface. Do not stir at this point.
Cover and cook on LOW for 6 to 6.5 hours. Do not use HIGH heat, it compromises texture and flavor melding.
At the 5.5-hour mark, insert an instant-read thermometer into the thickest part of the largest chicken breast. It should read 165°F (74°C). Potatoes should pierce easily with a fork.
Optional: Drizzle fresh lemon juice over the finished dish 2 minutes before serving. Garnish with fresh parsley.
Allow the dish to rest (lid off) for 3–4 minutes before serving to let the sauce set slightly.